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KMID : 0378019780210030086
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New Medical Journal
1978 Volume.21 No. 3 p.86 ~ p.106
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A Study on A Model of Institutionalizing of School Lunch Program in Korea
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金命鎬/Kim, Myung Ho
白完基/金榮玉/陳幸美/Paik, Wan Kee/Kim, Young Ok/Chin, Haeng Mi
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Abstract
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The School Lunch Program was launched in 1953 right after the Korean War as a relief project for school children in elementary schools. During the past 20 years the program was changed and modified from time to time mostly depending upon the availability of foreign aid, which came mainly from UNICEF and USAID.
Today 16.7% (1.02 million) of all elementary school children are fed by the school lunch program. There are three different types of the program: self-supporting (rural), semiselfsupporting (urban) and general. However, the current program is not yet satisfactory and complete, in spite of great efforts by the Ministry of Education. Therefore the Ministry supported this study with a governmental research grant to find out the most effective and rapid measure for a more satisfactory solution.
It is the ultimate goal of the school lunch program to be expanded to allelementary school children and even to the junior high school students, to improve the menu to become a complete nutritional lunch, and to implement the school lunch program in such a way that it improves education of a school child as a whole man. The study aims at becoming contribution to the drafting of the proposed "School Lunch Law" which is the most urgent factor for institutionalizing the school lunch program. It endeavours to find out reasons which hamper development of the program, throuth interviews with randomly sampled administrators, school principals, teachers, pupils; scholars in the field of school lunch and nutrition but also through field observation of the demonstration schools in rural and urban areas.
The conclusions are as follows:
1. It is recognized again and reassured that the school lunch program is one of the most important components for health, growth and development, improvement of food habits, life-style and education. This is recognized by scholars(100%), leading administrators in school lunch program(35%), teachers(65%), teachers in the de?_nonstration schools(84%), and pupi-Is (83%).2- It seemed that an opposite or uncooperative attitude toward the school lunch program will be corrected with solving relatively simple existing problems at present, such as an improvement of the lunch menu.
3. The current school lunch program was as an unsatisfactory or imcomplete program, lacking educational as well as nutritional meaning since it is only a partial lunch. There are many problems such as preparation, preservation of food, finance, and other mostly administrative problems in the school lunch program.
4. The following items were specifically emphasized for improvement of the school lunch program:
a. Strengthening of administrative and supervisory organization on all levels; central to-local government.
b. Expanding number of pupils who are fed by the program.
c. Implementing a more nutritional lunch program through setting nutrient criteriae, planning diversified menues, preparing more side dishes, etc.
d. Including the lunch program in the curriculum content.
e. Intimate cooperation with relevant agencies and organizations.
f. Education and training for teachers in nutrition.
g. Information, education and communication for the public regarding importance of school´ lunches.
5. In reviewing foreign references and questionnaire surveys, distribution of school lunches. five times a week appeared to be the most ideal frequency.
6. 52% of administrators for school lunches suggested a main dish centered lunch. The-author wishes to suggest that for the transitional process of the program a main-dish centered lunch should be served at the beginning, then it should evolve into a main-dish and side--dish lunch, and finally into a side-dish-centered lunch.
7. Financing for the program was suggested through review of references and questionnaire-surveys as followings:
a. Facilities and equipments should be provided by the federal and local official fund.
b. Food price may be paid by pupils (parents).
8. Price of school lunches should be raised in Korea from current w35?85(7?17￠) to more-than w100(200). This is much cheaper as compared with Japan (￥120=50￠) and USA(90ft$1.00).
9. Facilities such as kitchens and dining rooms are not satisfactorily equipped. Only 6% of all schools and 18% of demonstration schools are equipped with dining rooms, and only 41% of all general schools have kitchens.
10. No nutritionist is working for school lunch, therefore school nurses even teachers are-responsible for the program. General distribution of nutritionists, step by step into the school lunch program is most desirable.
11- Drafting and passing the School Lunch Law is urgent.
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